When you buy land in Ghana, you expect it to be yours. Completely. But sometimes, things don’t go as smoothly. Land encroachment happens when someone deliberately (or sometimes unknowingly) uses or takes part of your land without your permission. And honestly, this can lead to long, stressful battles if you’re not prepared.
In this guide, we’ll talk about why land boundaries matter, how property boundary disputes start, and how you can secure land in Ghana so you never have to fight for what you own.
What is Land Encroachment?
Your land boundaries are basically the edges of your property. They’re what separate your land from your neighbour’s. In Ghana, boundaries are usually marked with concrete pillars (beacons), walls or fences, and natural markers like trees (though these can be risky because they can be cut down).
The challenge is that without proper documentation and clear markers, boundaries can easily get confused, thus leading to property boundary disputes.
Land encroachment in Ghana simply means someone crosses into your legally owned space. This can happen in different ways: a neighbour builds a fence or wall that cuts into your land; a new building project extends into your plot, or someone starts farming or operating a business on your land without your consent.
Sometimes, it’s an honest mistake due to poor measurements. Other times, it’s intentional, especially if your land isn’t clearly marked or you’re not around to watch it.
How Property Boundary Disputes Usually Start
Property boundary disputes in Ghana often come from unclear or missing demarcations. It can be that there is no proper site plan, and without a professional land survey, nobody knows the exact limits.
Duplicate land sales are also common, and that’s because, sadly, land can be sold to more than one person if records aren’t updated. Also, because of poor record-keeping, the issue of weak documentation makes it easier for others to claim your land.
Leaving your property unmonitored, empty land with no regular checks, is also an open invitation for trouble. Your neighbours can further encroach on your land by “stretching” their property line during construction.
Sometimes, it’s about family land disputes where ownership isn’t clearly agreed upon, as well as government road expansions or projects that affect your space.
Spotting the Early Signs of Encroachment
Don’t wait until there’s a half-finished building on your land before you act. Watch out for new construction too close to your boundary; someone moving your beacons, or neighbours farming or gardening into your space. Also, watch out for survey pegs appearing on your side without your permission
How to Secure Your Land in Ghana
Owning land is a big investment, so securing it from the start is essential. The first thing to do is to get a licensed Surveyor to measure and map your land properly. They will prepare an official site plan that shows your boundaries clearly. This is your first line of defence against encroachment.
Then you need to make sure your land is registered at the Lands Commission. Registration creates a legal record of your ownership, which makes it easier to win any dispute.
The next step to take is to fence or demarcate your land. A fence, wall, or even clearly placed pillars can discourage trespassers. It also shows you’re actively protecting your property.
Monitor your property. Visit regularly or appoint someone you trust to check on your land. If you live abroad, hire a reliable caretaker or property management service to keep an eye on things.
Act fast on disputes. If you notice land encroachment early, address it immediately, before it becomes a bigger, more expensive fight. This might mean speaking to the other party, involving a local chief, or seeking legal advice.
How to Respond to Land Encroachment
If someone encroaches on your land, first, stay calm, and avoid heated confrontations. Gather evidence, take photos and videos, and measurements. Check your documents, make sure your papers are up to date.
Speak to a lawyer experienced in land cases who can guide you. Then, report to the authorities; you can involve the police or the Lands Commission if necessary.
In some cases, courts will order the encroacher to vacate the land, but legal processes in Ghana can take time, so prevention is always better.
Why Land Encroachment Is an Issue
In Ghana’s growing real estate market, land is getting more valuable every year. As prices rise, so does the risk of property boundary disputes. The good news is, if you follow the right steps early, you can secure your land and enjoy peace of mind knowing your investment is safe.
Conclusion
Acquiring land in Ghana isn’t just about owning it but also about defending it. Get a proper survey, register your ownership, clearly mark your boundaries, and stay alert. That way, no one can take what’s rightfully yours.